Python学习没有捷径,但可以加速,零基础九天你也可以会编程
摘要:这是一篇广告,有干货的广告。针对生信领域的零基础爱好者及生信分析中遇到的种种问题,生信领域知名公众号“生信宝典”团队组织了中科院系统项目经验丰富的一线科研人员开展系列培训活动。本期零基础Python编程班,应用Python处理生物信息数据和作图,九天你也可以会编程。
在小学生都学Python了,你还不知道怎么开始文中介绍了Python的应用广泛,功能强大,提供了Python的在线学习视频和资料等 (收集资料是我们的最爱)。
学习程序语言不是一件难事,也不是一件简单事。为什么编程这么难中翻译了一篇编程学习的心路历程。
(图例“编程信心与能力”:纵轴为信心值,横轴为能力水平,虚线从左至右依次分割出手牵手蜜月期、混沌悬崖、绝望沙漠、令人兴奋的上升期四个阶段,第5条虚线标志着工作准备就绪)
在我看来,学习编程是学以致用,学习方式是硬着头皮去写。
读文档是蜜月期,读读就过去,谁都会。
写程序是混沌悬崖,知道是这么回事,就是写不出来;
调程序是绝望沙漠,怎么看自己写的都对,就是编译器不开眼;
程序正确了就是兴奋期,万里长征迈出又一步。
这些过程没有捷径,但可以加速,就是我们的零基础Python编程班,应用Python处理生物信息数据和作图。
广告做完了,下面是正文。
Python编程有其特有的方式 phyonic,下面是python编程一些有意思的用法和技巧,总结出来,以飨大家。
1.原位替换
a = 5
b = 6
c = 7
a, b = b,a
print("a is",a)
print("b is",b)
a is 6
b is 5
a, (b,c) = c, (a,b)
print("a is",a)
print("b is",b)
print("c is",c)
a is 7
b is 6
c is 5
first, *middle_all, last = (1,2,3,4,5,6)
middle_all
[2, 3, 4, 5]
2.链似比较
x = 5
print("1 < x < 10 is", 1 < x < 10)
print("10 > x <= 9", 10 > x <= 9)
1 < x < 10 is True
10 > x <= 9 True
3. 列表索引,反序
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
a[::2]
[1, 3, 5]
a[::-1]
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
4. 列表解析、字典解析、元组解析
# 获得系列坐标点
a = ((i,j) for i in range(3) for j in range(2))
a
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x7fa8d04d7fc0>
for i in a:
print(i)
(0, 0)
(0, 1)
(1, 0)
(1, 1)
(2, 0)
(2, 1)
str1 = "I love sheng xin bao dian"
print([i for i in str1.split() if i.endswith('n')])
['xin', 'dian']
a = {i:i*2 for i in range(5)}
a
{0: 0, 1: 2, 2: 4, 3: 6, 4: 8}
[(x, y) for x in range(4) if x % 2 == 1 for y in range(4)]
[(1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)]
5.集合操作
a = set(["sheng", "xin", "bao","dian","best","tutotials"])
b = set(["hong", "ji", "yin","zu","best","tutotials"])
a | b # union
{'bao', 'best', 'dian', 'hong', 'ji', 'sheng', 'tutotials', 'xin', 'yin', 'zu'}
a & b # intersection
{'best', 'tutotials'}
a ^ b # Symmetric Difference
{'bao', 'dian', 'hong', 'ji', 'sheng', 'xin', 'yin', 'zu'}
6.Negative round
print("round整数:",str(round(1234.5678, -2)))
print("round小数:",str(round(1234.5678, 2)))
round整数: 1200.0
round小数: 1234.57
7.多行字符串的优雅嵌套
# \可以,但是第二行需要起头
system_command = "s-plot pheatmap -f matrix \
-t heatmap -a TRUE"
print(system_command)
s-plot pheatmap -f matrix -t heatmap -a TRUE
# 字符串中包含换行符
# 切第二行要起头,不然会有较多空格
system_command = """s-plot pheatmap -f matrix
-t heatmap -a TRUE"""
print(system_command)
print(system_command.replace('\n', ' '))
s-plot pheatmap -f matrix
-t heatmap -a TRUE
s-plot pheatmap -f matrix -t heatmap -a TRUE
# 类元组的写法,既可以跨行,又可以自由格式
# 需要注意2点
# 类元组,无逗号
# 字符串连接时不会自动加空格,空格需要保存在字符串里面
system_command = ("s-plot pheatmap -f matrix "
"-t heatmap -a TRUE")
print(system_command)
s-plot pheatmap -f matrix -t heatmap -a TRUE
# 多一步join;
system_command = ["s-plot pheatmap -f matrix",
"-t heatmap -a TRUE"]
print(' '.join(system_command))
s-plot pheatmap -f matrix -t heatmap -a TRUE
8.zip转换两个列表为字典
keyL = [1,2,3]
valueL = ['a','b','v']
for i ,j in zip(keyL, valueL):
print(i,j)
1 a
2 b
3 v
import pprint
pprint.pprint(dict(zip(keyL, valueL)))
{1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'v'}
dict([(i,j) for i ,j in zip(keyL, valueL)])
{1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'v'}
9.enumerate索引列表 (不再使用len)
a = ['s','x','b','d']
# Preferred way
for index, item in enumerate(a):
print(index,item)
print("\n")
# Old way
for i in range(len(a)):
print(i,a[i])
0 s
1 x
2 b
3 d
0 s
1 x
2 b
3 d
10.矩阵转置
a = [(1,2), (3,4), (5,6)]
b = zip(*a)
for i in b:
print(i)
(1, 3, 5)
(2, 4, 6)
11.sum的另一用法,二维数组秒变1维
aList = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6], [7, 8, 9]]
sum(aList, [])
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
12.解释正则表达式
import re
re.compile("^[a-z]*$", re.DEBUG)
AT AT_BEGINNING
MAX_REPEAT 0 MAXREPEAT
IN
RANGE (97, 122)
AT AT_END
re.compile("^[a-z][0-9]+$", re.DEBUG)
AT AT_BEGINNING
IN
RANGE (97, 122)
MAX_REPEAT 1 MAXREPEAT
IN
RANGE (48, 57)
AT AT_END
re.compile("^[a-z]([0-9]+)$", re.DEBUG)
AT AT_BEGINNING
IN
RANGE (97, 122)
SUBPATTERN 1 0 0
MAX_REPEAT 1 MAXREPEAT
IN
RANGE (48, 57)
AT AT_END
13.for..else;若for
循环中未执行break
,则else
会被执行
found = False
for i in range(2,5):
if i == 1:
found = True
break
if not found:
print("i was never 1")
i was never 1
for i in range(2,5):
if i == 1:
break
else:
print("i was never 1")
i was never 1
14.启动网络服务器,用于文件预览或传输
# run in commang line
python -m http.server 8000
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 (http://0.0.0.0:8000/) ...
15.python打印九九乘法表 (列表解析)
print('\n'.join([' '.join(['%s*%s=%-2s' % (y,x,x*y) for y in range(1,x+1)]) for x in range(1,10)]))
1*1=1
1*2=2 2*2=4
1*3=3 2*3=6 3*3=9
1*4=4 2*4=8 3*4=12 4*4=16
1*5=5 2*5=10 3*5=15 4*5=20 5*5=25
1*6=6 2*6=12 3*6=18 4*6=24 5*6=30 6*6=36
1*7=7 2*7=14 3*7=21 4*7=28 5*7=35 6*7=42 7*7=49
1*8=8 2*8=16 3*8=24 4*8=32 5*8=40 6*8=48 7*8=56 8*8=64
1*9=9 2*9=18 3*9=27 4*9=36 5*9=45 6*9=54 7*9=63 8*9=72 9*9=81
16.map
, filter
# 过滤大于4的元素
a = [3,4,5]
[i for i in a if i<4]
[3]
list(filter(lambda x: x<4, a))
[5]
# 每个元素加2
[i+2 for i in a]
[5, 6, 7]
map(lambda x: x+2, a)
<map at 0x7fa8d0502358>
list(map(lambda x: x+2, a))
[5, 6, 7]
算2的1000次方的各位数之和
sum(map(int, str(2**1000)))
1366
17. python打印心型
print('\n'.join([''.join([('Love'[(x-y) % len('Love')] if ((x*0.05)**2+(y*0.1)**2-1)**3-(x*0.05)**2*(y*0.1)**3 <= 0 else ' ') for x in range(-30, 30)]) for y in range(30, -30, -1)]))
18. python打印曼德勃罗集合
print('\n'.join([''.join(['*'if abs((lambda a:lambda z,c,n:a(a,z,c,n))(lambda s,z,c,n:z if n==0else s(s,z*z+c,c,n-1))(0,0.02*x+0.05j*y,40))<2 else' 'for x in range(-80,20)])for y in range(-20,20)]))
19.打开一个关于Python漫画的网站
import antigravity